What is the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS)?
The Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), developed by Zung in 1965, is a self-assessment tool used to evaluate depressive symptoms. The scale consists of 20 items covering core symptoms of depression, such as low mood, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite, and fatigue.
Features of the SDS Scale
-
Simple and easy: Takes only 5-10 minutes to complete
-
Self-assessment format: Completed by the individual based on their own situation
-
Standardized scoring: Uses a 1-4 point rating system to calculate a standard score
-
Widely used: Extensively utilized in clinical and research settings
SDS Scoring Criteria
The SDS scale uses a 4-point rating system, with each item scored based on the frequency of symptom occurrence:
- None or a little of the time (1 point)
- Some of the time (2 points)
- A good part of the time (3 points)
- Most or all of the time (4 points)
Among them, 10 items are reverse-scored (a higher score indicates milder symptoms), and 10 items are positively scored (a higher score indicates more severe symptoms).
Result Analysis and Interpretation
The scores of the 20 items are summed to get a raw score, which is then multiplied by 1.25 and rounded to the nearest whole number to obtain the standard score. The severity of depressive symptoms can be assessed based on the standard score:
| Standard Score Range | Severity Level | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| <53 points | Normal Range | No significant depressive symptoms |
| 53-62 points | Mild Depression | May have mild depressive symptoms |
| 63-72 points | Moderate Depression | May have moderate depressive symptoms |
| ≥73 points | Severe Depression | May have severe depressive symptoms |
Recommendations for Different Severity Levels
Normal Range
Your emotional state is within the normal range. Continue to maintain a healthy lifestyle, such as regular sleep, a balanced diet, and moderate exercise, to help maintain good mental well-being.
Mild Depression
You may be experiencing some mild depressive symptoms. It is advisable to monitor your emotional changes and try self-regulation techniques. If symptoms persist for more than 2 weeks or worsen, seeking professional help is recommended.
Moderate Depression
Your depressive symptoms have reached a moderate level. It is recommended to make an appointment with a counselor or psychologist as soon as possible, consider psychotherapy methods like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and seek social support.
Severe Depression
Your depressive symptoms are quite severe. It is strongly recommended to seek immediate professional help from a psychiatrist. Medication combined with psychotherapy may be necessary. If you have suicidal thoughts, please contact a crisis intervention hotline immediately.
The results of the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) are for reference only and cannot be used as the sole basis for a clinical diagnosis. The assessment and diagnosis of depressive symptoms require a comprehensive judgment by a professional doctor through interviews, clinical observation, and other examinations.
If you experience persistent low mood, loss of interest, or other depressive symptoms, regardless of the self-assessment results, it is recommended to consult a professional doctor or psychotherapist in a timely manner.